Heat Treatment Services

Professional heat treatment services to enhance material properties, improve strength, hardness, and optimize performance for your critical components.

Understanding Heat Treatment

Heat treatment is a controlled heating and cooling process that alters the microstructure of metals to achieve specific mechanical properties. By carefully controlling temperature, time, and cooling rates, we can significantly improve hardness, strength, ductility, and resistance to wear.

Why Heat Treat?

Enhance strength, hardness, and durability beyond base material properties

When to Use?

Critical load-bearing parts, wear surfaces, aerospace components

Industry Standard

AMS, ASTM, and aerospace specification compliant

Available Heat Treatments

None (Annealed)

Included

Purpose:

Standard as-machined condition with stress relief

Process:

Room temp / Pre-annealed

Resulting Hardness: Base material hardness

Benefits:

  • No additional processing time
  • Standard material properties maintained
  • Most cost-effective option
  • Suitable for non-critical applications

Applicable Materials: All materials - default state

Annealing

££

Purpose:

Softens material for improved machinability and stress relief

Process:

Variable by material

Resulting Hardness: Reduced hardness, increased ductility

Benefits:

  • Improves machinability
  • Reduces internal stresses
  • Increases ductility
  • Refines grain structure

Applicable Materials: All ferrous and non-ferrous metals

Normalizing

££

Purpose:

Refines grain structure and improves mechanical properties

Process:

Above Ac3 + air cool

Resulting Hardness: Uniform microstructure, improved strength

Benefits:

  • Refines grain structure
  • Improves toughness
  • Increases strength
  • Better machinability

Applicable Materials: Carbon and low-alloy steels

Hardening

£££

Purpose:

Maximize hardness for wear resistance and strength

Process:

Quench from austenite

Resulting Hardness: Maximum hardness (50-65 HRC)

Benefits:

  • Maximum wear resistance
  • High compressive strength
  • Improved fatigue life
  • Suitable for cutting tools

Applicable Materials: Tool steels, carbon steels

Tempering

££

Purpose:

Reduces brittleness after hardening, adjusts hardness level

Process:

150-650°C for 1-2 hours

Resulting Hardness: 40-60 HRC (adjustable)

Benefits:

  • Reduces brittleness
  • Improves toughness
  • Adjustable hardness
  • Better impact resistance

Applicable Materials: Hardened steels

Case Hardening

£££

Purpose:

Creates hard surface layer while maintaining tough core

Process:

900-950°C in carbon atmosphere

Resulting Hardness: Surface: 58-62 HRC, Core: soft

Benefits:

  • Hard wear-resistant surface
  • Tough ductile core
  • Excellent for gears
  • Maintains core toughness

Applicable Materials: Low carbon steels

Nitriding

££££

Purpose:

Creates extremely hard surface layer without quenching

Process:

500-525°C in nitrogen atmosphere

Resulting Hardness: Surface hardness up to 70 HRC

Benefits:

  • Extremely hard surface
  • No distortion (low temp)
  • Excellent wear resistance
  • Improved fatigue life

Applicable Materials: Alloy steels, stainless steels

Carburizing

£££

Purpose:

Adds carbon to surface for hard wear-resistant case

Process:

900-950°C in carbon atmosphere

Resulting Hardness: Hard case (58-62 HRC) with tough core

Benefits:

  • Hard surface layer
  • Tough core maintained
  • Excellent for gears
  • High load capacity

Applicable Materials: Low carbon steels

Stress Relieving

£

Purpose:

Removes residual stresses from machining without affecting hardness

Process:

200-650°C for 1-2 hours

Resulting Hardness: No change to hardness

Benefits:

  • Dimensional stability
  • Reduces warping risk
  • Maintains hardness
  • Essential for precision parts

Applicable Materials: All materials post-machining

Solution Treatment

££

Purpose:

Dissolves precipitates for subsequent aging

Process:

500-540°C + water quench

Resulting Hardness: Prepares for T6 temper

Benefits:

  • Prepares for precipitation hardening
  • Dissolves alloying elements
  • Enables subsequent aging
  • Maximum strength after aging

Applicable Materials: Aluminum alloys (6000, 7000 series)

Precipitation Hardening

£££

Purpose:

Age hardening for aluminum and stainless steels

Process:

Variable by alloy

Resulting Hardness: 30-40 HRC (varies by alloy)

Benefits:

  • High strength-to-weight
  • Good corrosion resistance
  • Aerospace applications
  • Dimensional stability

Applicable Materials: 17-4 PH, 15-5 PH, Aluminum alloys

Cryogenic Treatment

££

Purpose:

Deep freezing for enhanced properties and stress relief

Process:

-190°C (liquid nitrogen)

Resulting Hardness: Slight hardness increase

Benefits:

  • Improves wear resistance
  • Relieves residual stresses
  • Enhances dimensional stability
  • Complements heat treating

Applicable Materials: Tool steels, high-performance alloys

Through Hardening

£££

Purpose:

Full hardness throughout the part for tool applications

Process:

Quench from austenite

Resulting Hardness: 50-65 HRC throughout

Benefits:

  • Uniform hardness throughout
  • Maximum tool performance
  • Excellent wear resistance
  • Ideal for cutting tools

Applicable Materials: Tool steels, high carbon steels

H950

££

Purpose:

Precipitation hardening for maximum strength

Process:

510°C (950°F) for 4 hours

Resulting Hardness: 32-36 HRC

Benefits:

  • Maximum strength and hardness
  • Excellent corrosion resistance
  • Ideal for aerospace applications
  • Good fatigue resistance

Applicable Materials: 17-4 PH, 15-5 PH, 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel

H1000

££

Purpose:

Balanced strength and ductility

Process:

538°C (1000°F) for 4 hours

Resulting Hardness: 30-34 HRC

Benefits:

  • Good balance of strength and toughness
  • Better ductility than H950
  • Reduced brittleness
  • Suitable for moderate loads

Applicable Materials: 17-4 PH, 15-5 PH Stainless Steel

H1050

££

Purpose:

Enhanced toughness with moderate hardness

Process:

566°C (1050°F) for 4 hours

Resulting Hardness: 28-32 HRC

Benefits:

  • Increased toughness and ductility
  • Lower hardness for easier forming
  • Good corrosion resistance
  • Better weldability

Applicable Materials: 17-4 PH, 15-5 PH Stainless Steel

H1150

££

Purpose:

Maximum ductility and formability

Process:

621°C (1150°F) for 4 hours

Resulting Hardness: 24-28 HRC

Benefits:

  • Highest ductility and toughness
  • Lowest hardness for easy forming
  • Excellent corrosion resistance
  • Best for secondary operations

Applicable Materials: 17-4 PH, 15-5 PH Stainless Steel

Titanium Treatment

£££

Purpose:

Solution treatment and aging for titanium alloys

Process:

900°C solution + 540°C aging

Resulting Hardness: 33-39 HRC

Benefits:

  • Maximum strength-to-weight ratio
  • Aerospace-grade performance
  • Excellent high-temperature properties
  • Superior fatigue resistance

Applicable Materials: Titanium Ti6Al4V (Grade 5)

Price Guide: £ = Budget-friendly | ££ = Moderate | £££ = Premium | ££££ = Specialist

Heat Treatment Comparison Guide

TreatmentHardness EffectToughnessLead TimeBest For
None (Annealed)Base levelGoodNo delayStandard parts, prototypes
AnnealingSoftens materialExcellent1-2 daysImprove machinability
NormalizingModerate increaseGood1-2 daysStructural steel components
HardeningMaximum increase (50-65 HRC)Low (brittle)2-3 daysCutting tools, wear surfaces
TemperingControlled reductionVery Good1-2 daysPost-hardening toughness
Case HardeningSurface: 58-62 HRCCore: Excellent2-3 daysGears, shafts
NitridingSurface: up to 70 HRCCore: Maintained3-4 daysHigh-wear components
CarburizingSurface: 58-62 HRCCore: Good2-3 daysGears, bearings
Stress RelievingNo changeSlight increase1 dayPrecision parts post-machining
Solution TreatmentPrepares for agingGood1-2 daysAluminum pre-aging
Precipitation HardeningHigh (30-40 HRC)Very Good2-3 daysAerospace stainless/aluminum
Cryogenic TreatmentSlight increaseGood1-2 daysTool steels, high-performance alloys
Through HardeningMaximum increase (50-65 HRC)Good2-3 daysCutting tools, high-performance tools
H950Maximum increase (32-36 HRC)Moderate2-3 daysAerospace, high-stress parts
H1000High (30-34 HRC)Good2-3 daysGeneral purpose strength
H1050Moderate (28-32 HRC)Very Good2-3 daysParts needing ductility
H1150Lower (24-28 HRC)Excellent2-3 daysMaximum formability needed
Titanium TreatmentHigh (33-39 HRC)Excellent3-4 daysAerospace titanium components

Heat Treatment by Material Type

Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels

  • 17-4 PH Stainless Steel:

    H950/H1000/H1050/H1150 conditions available. Most common aerospace stainless.

  • 15-5 PH Stainless Steel:

    Similar to 17-4 with higher toughness. All H-conditions available.

  • 13-8 Mo Stainless Steel:

    Ultra-high strength stainless for demanding aerospace applications.

Carbon & Tool Steels

  • Through Hardening:

    Full hardness throughout the part for tool applications.

  • Tempering:

    Reduces brittleness after hardening, adjusts hardness level.

  • Case Hardening:

    Hard wear-resistant surface with tough, ductile core.

Aluminum Alloys

  • 6061-T6 Aluminum:

    Solution treatment + artificial aging for maximum strength.

  • 7075-T6 Aluminum:

    Precipitation hardening for highest aluminum strength.

  • Stress Relieving:

    For all aluminum alloys to ensure dimensional stability.

Titanium Alloys

  • Solution + Age (Ti6Al4V):

    900°C solution + 540°C aging for maximum strength.

  • Stress Relief:

    480-650°C for dimensional stability without property change.

  • Mill Annealed:

    Starting condition for Grade 2 and Grade 5 titanium.

Certifications & Industry Standards

Aerospace Standards (AMS)

  • AMS 2759: Heat Treatment of Steel Parts
  • AMS 2770: Heat Treatment of Wrought Aluminum Alloy Parts
  • AMS 2801: Heat Treatment of Titanium and Titanium Alloys
  • AMS-H-6088: Heat Treatment of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless

ASTM Standards

  • ASTM A255: Standard Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
  • ASTM E18: Rockwell Hardness Testing
  • ASTM A693: Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip
  • AS9100D: Aerospace Quality Management System

Quality Assurance: All heat treatments are performed by certified facilities with full traceability and test certificates available upon request.

How to Select the Right Heat Treatment

Consider Your Requirements

  • Load-bearing parts: Choose H950 or H1000 for maximum strength
  • Parts needing bending: Choose H1150 for maximum ductility
  • Wear surfaces: Consider hardening or nitriding
  • Precision tolerances: Use stress relieving to prevent warping
  • Aerospace/defense: Verify required heat treat condition on drawing

Common Applications

  • Aircraft fittings: 17-4 PH H900/H1025 per AMS standards
  • Medical instruments: 17-4 PH H1150 for biocompatibility
  • High-performance gears: Case hardened carbon steel
  • Aerospace brackets: 7075-T6 or Ti6Al4V solution + age
  • Cutting tools: Through hardened and tempered tool steel

Contact Our Metallurgy Experts

Need help selecting the right heat treatment for your parts? Our metallurgy experts can recommend the best process to achieve your desired material properties, strength requirements, and performance specifications. Get FREE expert advice today.

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